Commentary · Volume 3
Canada Wants Skilled Immigrants. Then It Makes Them Prove Themselves All Over Again.
Canada can count your foreign education when deciding whether to admit you, then make you spend years proving it again before you can use it.
Canada has a strange relationship with foreign education, it can be valuable enough to help you immigrate here, but once you arrive, you may discover that it is not valuable enough to let you do the job you spent years learning how to do. That sounds like an exaggeration until you look at how the system actually works. Under Canada’s Federal Skilled Worker Program, applicants can receive selection points for education, foreign education must be assessed through an Educational Credential Assessment, or ECA, which determines whether a degree, diploma or certificate is equivalent to a Canadian credential, and education also forms part of the Comprehensive Ranking System used to rank many Express Entry candidates.
In other words, Canada quite literally asks what you studied, how educated you are and what your foreign degree is worth in Canadian terms, and your answer can help you get into the country. Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada also makes something else very clear on its own website, having your foreign education assessed does not guarantee that you will get a job in your field, and it does not guarantee that you will receive a licence to practise a regulated profession. There, in two parts of the same Canadian system, is the contradiction, Canada values your education, just not necessarily enough for you to use it.
I understand that contradiction personally. I studied law in Brazil for five years, graduated with a Bachelor of Law, completed postgraduate studies in Constitutional and Administrative Law, was admitted to the Brazilian Bar Association and worked as a lawyer, I also worked as a court mediator and conciliator. Later, my Brazilian education was formally assessed in Canada by the University of Toronto’s Comparative Education Service, and my law degree received a Canadian equivalency of a first professional degree in law from a recognized institution. That is a fairly impressive sentence to have written on an assessment, but it still does not make me a lawyer in Canada.
To practise law in a Canadian common-law jurisdiction, internationally trained legal graduates must go through the National Committee on Accreditation. The NCA evaluates their legal education and professional experience against Canadian requirements and then determines what additional work they must complete, depending on the assessment, that can mean examinations, courses at a Canadian law school, or a combination of both. Only after completing those requirements does the candidate receive a Certificate of Qualification allowing them to move on to a law society’s bar-admission process.
To be clear, I do not think somebody should arrive at Pearson Airport with a law degree from another country and be handed an Ontario courtroom the following morning. Brazilian law is not Canadian law, different countries have different constitutions, procedures, institutions, professional rules and legal traditions, lawyers need to understand the law of the jurisdiction in which they practise, doctors must meet Canadian medical standards, engineers should understand Canadian safety requirements, and nurses, pharmacists, accountants and other regulated professionals have responsibilities that can directly affect other people. Standards matter, public protection matters, competence matters, but accepting those principles does not mean we should stop asking whether the system Canada has created is unnecessarily complicated, expensive and disconnected from the immigration system that brings skilled professionals here in the first place.
Law is hardly the only profession where this happens. Canada’s foreign credential recognition system stretches across professions and jurisdictions, according to Employment and Social Development Canada, there are approximately 600 regulatory authorities across the country, and depending on the province or territory, somewhere between 65 and 275 occupations and compulsory trades may be regulated. That means there is no single Canadian door through which an internationally trained professional walks, there are hundreds of doors, and behind every door may be another application, another assessment, another examination, another document, another fee, another requirement and another waiting period.
The federal government knows this is a problem. In 2025, Employment and Social Development Canada published an evaluation of its Foreign Credential Recognition Program covering the period from 2019 to 2024, and the report is remarkably frank about some of the difficulties skilled newcomers continue to experience. Organizations involved in the program identified lengthy licensing processes, different requirements between provinces and territories, complex certification requirements and limited examination availability as continuing barriers.
Among a group of skilled newcomers who completed the relevant part of the evaluation survey, 39 percent, or 23 out of 59 respondents, were not employed in a field corresponding to their foreign professional credentials. They identified difficulties passing board examinations, lack of information about credentialing, having to return to school and non-recognition of credentials among the obstacles they faced. That 39 percent should not be presented as though it represents every skilled immigrant in Canada, the government’s own evaluation notes limitations in the survey, including the fact that the sample was small and heavily concentrated in Ontario and health-related professions, but the important point is that the government did not need a perfect nationwide statistic to discover that the problem exists, it already knows.
Canada has created programs specifically to address it, it funds foreign credential recognition initiatives, supports loans to help newcomers pay for licensing and training, and funds projects designed to shorten timelines, improve assessments and help internationally educated health professionals enter the workforce. The federal evaluation itself says foreign credential recognition matters to labour-market efficiency, productivity and economic growth, so this is not a problem Canada has failed to notice, it is a problem Canada has noticed, studied, funded, evaluated and still has not completely figured out.
Part of the difficulty is jurisdictional, immigration is largely handled federally, professional licensing is generally a provincial or territorial responsibility and is often delegated to independent regulatory bodies, universities and colleges control their own programs, and employers make their own hiring decisions. Everyone controls one piece, and the internationally trained professional gets to carry the pieces between them. That division of responsibility may make perfect constitutional and administrative sense, but from the perspective of the person trying to rebuild a career, it can produce a spectacular bureaucratic puzzle.
The immigration system says your education is valuable, the credential-assessment organization says your degree is comparable to a Canadian one, the professional regulator says that assessment is not enough, the educational institution may tell you that you need additional courses, the employer may then ask whether you have Canadian experience, and somewhere in the middle of all of that is a person thinking, I already had a career.
Perhaps that is the part of this discussion we underestimate. We often talk about foreign credential recognition as though it were simply an administrative issue, a matter of filling out forms and submitting transcripts, but it is also about years of somebody’s life. A degree is not a piece of paper that appeared magically in a suitcase at the airport, someone studied for it, someone sat through exams, completed internships, worked late, failed things, passed things, accumulated experience, built professional confidence and developed an identity around what they knew how to do, then they moved to Canada and, in some cases, discovered that professionally they had been transported backwards in time.
The experienced professional becomes the applicant, the person who once advised others needs advice about how to enter their own profession, the person who had clients is studying again, the person who had seniority is being told they need Canadian experience. Again, none of this means foreign credentials should simply be accepted without examination, but there is an enormous distance between automatic recognition and forcing competent professionals to rebuild unnecessarily from the beginning, and Canada should be much more interested in that distance.
There is also an obvious economic question, if Canada needs skilled workers, what exactly is achieved by having skilled people living here but unable to use the skills they already possess? A physician who cannot practise medicine does not solve a physician shortage, a nurse waiting years for recognition does not fill a nursing vacancy, an engineer working outside engineering is not being used as an engineer, and an internationally trained professional being told to retrain extensively in an area they already studied is not simply experiencing an individual disappointment, Canada is failing to use human capital that is already here.
In many cases, Canada deliberately valued that human capital during immigration, and that is what makes this different from simply saying immigration is difficult. For the Federal Skilled Worker Program, education and skilled work experience are selection factors, foreign education must be assessed precisely so Canada can decide what that education is worth in Canadian terms. There is something bizarre about carefully measuring a person’s qualifications on the way in and then allowing the connection between immigration and professional licensing to become somebody else’s problem afterward.
Imagine recruiting a chef because you desperately need chefs, examining their culinary diploma before allowing them through the door, and then once they arrive in the kitchen telling them they may need several years to prove they understand food. At some point, you have to question the design of the recruitment strategy.
The solution is not lowering professional standards, it is connecting the systems better. Before people immigrate, there should be clear, profession-specific information explaining what their credential will actually allow them to do in the province where they intend to live, what additional licensing requirements they are likely to face, how long the process typically takes, what it may cost and whether further Canadian education might be required, and that information should not be scattered across countless websites or discovered after somebody has already moved their family across the world.
Interestingly, the federal government’s own 2025 evaluation reached a similar conclusion, one of its recommendations was to expand pre-arrival support and develop more centralized and accessible resources for newcomers. The report also identified the need for better coordination between immigration authorities, provinces, territories and regulatory bodies so prospective immigrants can understand the requirements of their professions before arrival, which seems almost embarrassingly reasonable, if somebody is being admitted partly because of professional qualifications, tell them what those qualifications will actually be worth professionally before they immigrate.
Canada should also continue pushing regulators toward faster assessments, clearer standards and recognition systems based on demonstrated competence rather than simply where somebody happened to receive their education. If there are gaps in someone’s knowledge, identify the gaps, test them, train them, make them demonstrate the required Canadian competencies, but there is a difference between filling gaps and rebuilding an entire professional identity.
I have thought about this a lot while considering whether I want to pursue the accreditation process for law in Canada. On paper, I have not stopped being educated simply because I crossed an ocean, the years I spent studying law did not disappear, the clients I represented did not become imaginary, the hearings I attended still happened, the cases I worked on still required legal judgment, and my experience as a mediator did not evaporate somewhere over the Atlantic. At the same time, I know that I don’t know everything I would need to know to practise Canadian law, and both things can be true.
Perhaps that is where Canada’s approach to foreign credentials needs to become more intelligent. We do not have to choose between pretending every foreign credential is automatically identical to a Canadian one and pretending internationally trained professionals have arrived with nothing, there is an enormous amount of territory between those two extremes, and that territory is where recognition should happen. Assess what somebody already knows, identify what they do not, teach the difference, test the difference, then let qualified people work.
Canada frequently talks about attracting talent, but talent is not particularly useful sitting in a folder with an Educational Credential Assessment attached to it. If someone’s education is valuable enough for Canada to count when deciding whether that person belongs here, there should be a realistic path for that education to count after they arrive too, otherwise Canada is doing something very strange, attracting skilled immigrants, then asking them to prove all over again that they were skilled in the first place.